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Living among the dead 

Cemeteries are sacred places where we honour and remember our loved ones.        DR MOLESENG CLAUDE MOSHOBANE unpacks an unlikely new threat to these spaces: invasive species that infringe on our biodiversity and taint the reverence in our places of memory. 

PHOTOS BY NTOKOSO NKOSI

Cemeteries and graveyards might be associated with serenity and reverence. We respect them as resting places that hold profound historical, cultural and emotional significance for all of us. However, all is not peaceful within these green spaces. Even these sacred sites, rooted in the past, are not immune to the present ecological challenges posed by invasive species.

Unlikely intruders

Alien invasive plants, as the name suggests, are non-native plants, animals, or microorganisms that enter and establish themselves in new ecosystems, often outcompeting indigenous species and disrupting the natural balance.

The tranquil landscapes and carefully tended lawns of cemeteries and graveyards might seem like unlikely battlegrounds for alien species. Yet, they provide unique opportunities for these silent invaders.

Anthropogenic activities – such as jogging and commemoration practices involving planting or laying flowers – can inadvertently introduce and spread invasive species. These species disrupt the delicate balance of ecosystems, threatening indigenous plants and the serenity of these sacred grounds.

A global and local problem

Researchers all over the world have been fascinated by how biodiversity works in cemeteries. Studies have explored diverse topics, from plant diversity and management to the aesthetic value of cemeteries.

In South Africa, however, the concept of cemeteries as conduits for invasive alien plants has received limited academic attention. A study by De Lacy and Shackleton (2017) found evidence of invasive alien plants in cemeteries in Makhanda, raising important questions about the extent of the problem in our country.

Visitors to local cemeteries are likely to find non-native plant species, including aggressive invaders like Japanese knotweed, creeping ivy, or English ivy. These invaders often thrive in disturbed habitats, and with the frequent maintenance of cemeteries, they find a ready environment to flourish.

Threatening ecology and culture

The invasion of non-native plant species can have far-reaching consequences for biodiversity within cemeteries. An increase in invasive alien species can quickly smother or displace indigenous plants, which play a crucial role in supporting local wildlife. This, in turn, affects the entire ecosystem – including the insects, birds and other creatures that rely on native vegetation for food and shelter.

Beyond ecological concerns, invasive plants can also affect the aesthetic and historical value of cemeteries. Aggressive vegetation can damage or obscure gravestones, making it challenging to pay respects to our ancestors. The very atmosphere that draws people to these places for solace and reflection can be marred by the unchecked spread of invasive species.

As places of reflection, deeply tied to our history and culture, cemeteries ought to reflect our rich natural heritage as well by showcasing our indigenous biodiversity. By continuing the fight against alien invaders, we can nurture our places of memory to help maintain our connection with those who came before us.

Dr. Moleseng Claude Moshobane is a Senior Scientist at the Biodiversity Evidence Directorate of the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).

References

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